Biomimetic Synthesis and Phytochemical Analysis of Lodopyridone: Insights into 4-Pyridone Derivatives and Thiopeptide Antibiotics
Nasser Thallaj
Dr. Nasser Thallaj, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.
Manuscript received on 20 January 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 27 January 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 15 March 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 April 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 April 2025 | PP: 9-19 | Volume-5 Issue-3, April 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B406905020225 | DOI: 10.54105/ijapsr.B4069.05030425
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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: This study explores the total biomimetic synthesis of lodopyridone, a rare 4-pyridone compound, and investigates the phytochemical properties of Lycopodiella cernua and Nitraria retusa. Despite the limited presence of naturally occurring 4- pyridones, a classification of 16 compounds is provided, highlighting their structural diversity and biosynthetic pathways. The work emphasizes the significance of thiopeptide antibiotics, showcasing their complex structures and antibiotic activities, which share biosynthetic similarities with lodopyridone. Proposed biosynthetic hypotheses suggest that lodopyridone may derive from a peptide precursor involving key amino acids such as glycine, cysteine, and modified tryptophan. Various synthetic methodologies, including palladocatalyzed couplings and innovative strategies for constructing nitrogenous heterocycles, are discussed in the context of thiopeptides. The findings aim to enhance understanding of lodopyridone’s biosynthesis and facilitate its synthesis through biomimetic approaches, contributing valuable insights to pharmaceutical chemistry and the development of natural product-based therapeutics.
Keywords: Lodopyridone; Biomimetic Synthesis; 4-Pyridone; Thiopeptide Antibiotics; Phytochemical Analysis; Biosynthesis; Natural Products; Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Chemistry